Appendix A — References

How to Cite This Handbook

Biosecurity Handbook DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18252920

The Biosecurity Handbook is archived on Zenodo for permanent access and citation. Use the DOI above for a persistent link that will always resolve to this work.

Citation Recommendations
  • Citing the whole handbook? Use the format examples below
  • Citing a specific chapter? Use the chapter-level citation format
  • Referencing a study discussed in the handbook? Cite the original source directly

Citing the Entire Handbook

AMA (American Medical Association)

Tegomoh B. The Biosecurity Handbook: Biological Security in the AI Era. 2025. doi:10.5281/zenodo.18252920

APA (7th Edition)

Tegomoh, B. (2025). The biosecurity handbook: Biological security in the AI era. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18252920

Vancouver / ICMJE

Tegomoh B. The Biosecurity handbook: biological security in the AI era [Internet]. 2025 [cited YYYY Mon DD]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18252920

Chicago (Notes-Bibliography)

Bryan Tegomoh, The Biosecurity Handbook: Biological Security in the AI Era (2025), https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18252920.

BibTeX

@book{tegomoh2025biosecurity,
  author = {Tegomoh, Bryan},
  title = {The Biosecurity Handbook: Biological Security in the AI Era},
  year = {2025},
  doi = {10.5281/zenodo.18252920},
  url = {https://biosecurityhandbook.com},
  note = {Licensed under CC BY 4.0}
}

Citing a Specific Chapter or Section

When referencing specific content, cite at the chapter level for precision.

Pattern: > Tegomoh (2025), “Dual-Use Research” section

Example (AMA):

Tegomoh B. Dual-Use Research and Gain-of-Function Oversight. In: The Biosecurity Handbook. 2025. https://biosecurityhandbook.com/frameworks/dual-use-research.html

BibTeX:

@incollection{tegomoh2025dualuse,
  author = {Tegomoh, Bryan},
  title = {Dual-Use Research and Gain-of-Function Oversight},
  booktitle = {The Biosecurity Handbook},
  year = {2025},
  url = {https://biosecurityhandbook.com/frameworks/dual-use-research.html},
  note = {Chapter in Part II: Frameworks}
}

Citing Primary Sources Referenced in the Handbook

Best Practice: Cite the Original Source

When the handbook discusses or summarizes research from other sources (journal articles, reports, datasets), always cite the original source rather than citing the handbook as a secondary reference.

Why?

  • Gives proper credit to the original researchers
  • Provides readers with the primary source for verification
  • Maintains academic integrity and rigor
  • Follows scholarly citation standards

Example

Incorrect: > According to Tegomoh (2025), benchtop DNA synthesizers lower barriers to pathogen reconstruction.

Correct: > Benchtop DNA synthesis technology has reduced the cost and expertise required for gene synthesis, raising biosecurity concerns about access to pathogen sequences (Esvelt, 2022).

Each chapter includes citations to primary sources for all key claims and findings.

Academic Use

This handbook is free to use for:

  • Biosecurity education and training programs
  • Policy analysis and development
  • Research citations
  • Government and intelligence community assessments
  • International governance discussions
  • Academic coursework and syllabi

Attribution via the DOI is appreciated.

License

This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).

You are free to:

  • Share: copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
  • Adapt: remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose

Under the following terms:

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Full license details: LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 Legal Code

Acknowledgment Text

If you adapt or build upon this work:

This work is based on The Biosecurity Handbook by Bryan Tegomoh, MD, MPH (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18252920), available at https://biosecurityhandbook.com

Contact

For media inquiries, collaboration, or questions:

Bibliography

All references cited throughout the handbook are listed below, organized alphabetically.